This study offers insights into why internal auditing is experiencing a shortage of qualified job candidates and offers a potential solution to the problem. The authors find that external auditors have negative perceptions about internal auditing, and these negative perceptions are associated with a (1) decreased desire to apply for internal auditing positions, (2) lower likelihood of recommending an in-house internal auditing career to high-performing students, and (3) higher likelihood of recommending an in-house internal auditing career to mediocre students. Internal auditors can try solving this problem by improving perceptions about internal auditing via a media campaign that raises awareness about the true internal audit career path.
Bartlett, G.D., J. Kremin, K.K. Saunders, and D.A. Wood. 2016. Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors. Accounting Horizons 30 (1): 143-156.
These results suggest that a generic profile for internal auditors, regardless of industry, may be in order. However, for a small minority of the attributes for which industry may have effects, industry-specific guidance may be appropriate. This conclusion suggests future studies of industry-specific effects for the purpose of developing industry-specific guidance. The IIA’s (2009) Internal Auditor Competency Framework has no industry-specific guidance, and it has indicated that such information will be added when available.
An interesting finding in the study is that attributes such as financial analysis, research skills, and statistical sampling that have theoretical appeal to the practice of internal auditing were not selected by the CAEs as most important attributes. This result may be an artifact of limiting the selection of the attributes to the top five from each category of behavioral, technical, and competencies. The differences may also be due to the effects of culture.
For more information on this study, please contact Mohammad J. Abdolmohammadi
Abdolmohammadi, M.J. 2012. Chief Audit Executives Assessment of Internal Auditors’ Performance Attributes by Professional Rank and Cultural Cluster. Behavioral Research in Accounting 24(1): 1-23.
The findings of this study should be of interest to boards of directors, audit committees, and senior management who are accountable to investors and other parties for the timely and unbiased examination of whistle-blowing allegations. Prior research has shown that audit committee members can be biased in their evaluations of whistle-blower allegations and in the allocation of resources to investigate those allegations. However, the results of this study show that CAEs do not exhibit the same bias as audit committee members for allocating resources to investigate whistle-blower allegations. The audit committee often relies on the CAE to investigate whistle-blowing reports, and this study suggests that CAEs may be a better choice for managing the evaluation of whistle-blowing allegations relative to members of the audit committee. CAEs’ decisions are not shrouded in secrecy, and CAEs report to both management and the audit committee, creating multiple levels of accountability. They are less able to ignore allegations that pose personal threats than are directors.
Guthrie, C. P., C. S. Norman, and J. M. Rose. 2012. Chief Audit Executives’ Evaluations of Whistle-Blowing Allegations. Behavioral Research in Accounting 24(2): 87-99.
One of the main implications of the study is that the internal audit function does add value to an organization because their recommendations can significantly impact managers’ operational decisions. The study also finds that in-house internal auditors can improve their influence on management by quantifying their recommendations.
For more information on this study, please contact F. Greg Burton.
Burton, F. G., S. A. Emett, C. A. Simon, and D. A. Wood. 2012. Corporate Managers’ Reliance on Internal Auditor Recommendations. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 31(2): 151-166.
The primary result that audit committee involvement is significantly and positively associated with “outsourcing” is an important finding that suggests a need for management to pay close attention to the role that audit committee plays in “outsourcing” internal audit activities. The significance of value-added-activities, missing-skill-set, and audit-staff-vacancies on “outsourcing” also require management attention because collectively these three variables indicate trade-offs between acquiring the expertise in-house or “outsourcing” to external service providers.
For more information on this study, please contact Mohammad Abdolmohammadi
Abdolmohammadi, M. 2013. Correlates of Co-Sourcing/Outsourcing of Internal Audit Activities. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 32(3): 69-85.
The points noted below suggest some limitations in Glover, Prawitt & Wood (2008) article. However, Messier acknowledges that the article provides insight on some factors that might affect the external auditors’ reliance decisions under AS 5.
Messier, W. F. 2008. Internal Audit Sourcing Arrangement and the External Auditor’s Reliance Decision. Contemporary Accounting Research 25 (1) 215-218.
These findings suggest that regulators, audit committees, and other stakeholders should consider ways to improve IAF quality, specifically IAF competence, and IAFs improve corporate governance by assisting audit committees in monitoring management. This study provides empirical evidence consistent with the proposition that IAF quality and competence deter management misconduct. IAF quality and, particularly, IAF competence are important in deterring observable instances of management misconduct, both accounting- and nonaccounting-related. These findings are important because in the early 2000s, regulators responded to public outcry over observable management misconduct, yet IAF quality was largely left out of the regulatory debate and reforms that followed.
Ege, M. S. 2015. Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct? Accounting Review 90 (2): 495-527.
These results have implications for both audit research and practice as well as policy makers and firms deciding on whether to outsource the internal audit function. From a research perspective, this study is the first to examine how external auditors view various internal audit outsourcing arrangements. Further, the results indicate a potential cost of internal audit outsourcing that has not been previously considered. That is, if outsourced internal auditors provide other services, the cost of the external audit could increase, which potentially interferes with some of the expected cost savings of AS No. 5.
Brandon, D. M. 2010. External Auditor Evaluations of Outsourced Internal Auditors. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 29 (2): 159-173.
This study develops an empirical measure of internal audit quality, and provides evidence supporting companies’ use and development of an IAF as part of improvements to its overall governance environment. Regulators and other parties interested in corporate governance may find it helpful to more explicitly consider the role of internal auditor in the evaluation of the firm.
Prawitt, D., J. Smith, D. A. Wood 2009. Internal Audit Quality and Earnings Management. The Accounting Review 84 (4): 1255-1280.
This study is the first to establish IAF characteristics as separate, distinct constructs that act jointly in creating IAF quality; therefore, it contributes to the overall understanding of IAF quality and the determinants of the IAF as an effective internally based financial reporting monitor.
Abbott, L. J., B. Daugherty, S. Parker and G. F. Peters. 2016. Internal Audit Quality and Financial Reporting Quality: The Joint Importance of Independence and Competence. Journal of Accounting Research 54 (1): 3-40.